part the responsibility of ______. What are the main disadvantages of a sole proprietorship? B. are much less likely to belong to interest groups than are citizens of other nations citizens' group has formed to lobby the city council to take this step, but Billy decides B. more easily overcome now than several decades ago The voter's party identification. B. agenda setting D. a certain percentage of the presidential vote before parties can receive federal funds, Major sources of money for parties in all elections are individual donors and ______. Among other religious groups, there is little relationship between religious attendance and partisanship. Comparable majorities of white Gen X (54%), Baby Boomer (55%) and Silent (56%) voters identify with or lean toward the GOP. B. Voters with some postgraduate experience, in addition to a four-year college degree, are especially likely to associate with the Democratic Party. C. the qualified pool of applicants for such jobs is so small Since 2011, 40% or more of U.S. adults have identified as political independents in nearly every year. Overall, those who live in suburban counties are about evenly divided in their partisan loyalties (47% Democratic, 45% Republican), little changed over the last two decades. C. George Washington The share of all voters with a college degree has grown from 24% in 1994 to 35% today. As recently as 2015, 51% of white voters with a college degree aligned with the Republican Party, compared with 43% for the Democratic Party. trade, Lobbyists seem to employ direct lobbying strategies most often when trying to politicians, that agent is engaging in ______. A. correctness At this moment, according to the report, there are an estimated 8.7 million immigrants in the U.S. who are eligible for naturalization. Public interest groups are groups that organize to influence government to produce Voters in suburban counties are about evenly divided in their leaned party affiliation, as they have been for much of the past 20 years. Millennials remain more likely than those in older generations to call themselves independents (44% vs. 39% of Gen Xers, 32% of Boomers and 27% of Silents); still, the roughly two-to-one Democratic advantage among Millennials is apparent both in straight and leaned partisan affiliation. However, Democrats hold a slightly larger edge in leaned party identification over Republicans now than in 2016 or 2015. D. are the people who Barbour and Wright believe are the party bosses, Party activists often exert exceptional influence on the stances their parties take Eight-in-ten white evangelicals who attend religious services at least a few times a month associate with the GOP, compared with 70% of those who attend services less often. After passage of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) in 200220022002, groups including the Democratic Party of California, the National Rifle Association, and individuals, including Mitch McConnell who was at the time the Senate Majority Whip, brought a case against the Federal Election Commission arguing that the provisions of BCRA violated constitutional protections of free speech. B. control top party positions and can impose their will on the grassroots members Among those who do not affiliate with an organized religion, 67% identify with or lean to the Democratic Party, compared with just 24% who identify or lean toward the GOP. \text{Variable expenses}\hspace{5pt} & In 1994, white women voters with a college degree were 2 points more likely than those without one to identify with or lean toward the GOP (48% to 46%). By contrast, Republicans have been gaining ground over the past several years with those who do not have bachelors degrees. In 2017, 59% of white voters with at least some additional education beyond a four-year degree identified as Democrats or leaned Democratic, while 37% identified with or leaned toward the Republican Party; as recently as 2015 that balance was slightly narrower (52% to 41%). August 18, 2022 In this instance, Billy is ______. B. congressional challengers The share of Asian American voters who identify as Republican is now only 12%. Younger generations of U.S. adults are much more likely than older generations to identify as independents and, to this point, Generation X and millennials have become no less likely to do so as they have gotten older, in contrast to the generations that preceded them. C. political action committees 2. Between 1994 and 2010, nonwhite men with a college degree were slightly more Republican in their partisan leanings than those without a degree, but this gap has closed in recent years. Learn more about how the Gallup Poll Social Series works. D. both the Republicans and the Democrats have remained unchanged, Since the 1960s, ______. B. electioneering D. conservative, In discussing the forces that propel American political parties toward the middle of B. responsible B. party-in-the-electorate In recent decades, party identification among American voters has ______. D. third-party options have become increasingly powerful, With certain exceptions, the Democratic Party appeals to ______. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. A. conservatives C. it simplified the issue of hiring people after an election A A. patronage B. entrepreneur At the top tier of each party's organization lies the ______. A. are the most likely individuals to vote in primary elections and work in campaigns Voters who attend religious services more frequently are generally more likely than those who attend less often to identify with or lean toward the Republican Party. B. less accurate than in the past White mainline Protestant voters are more divided in their political identities. B. vibrant democracy Since 1992, the percentage of Silent Generation members who identify as political independents has decreased from 35% to 26%, which has been accompanied by an equal increase in Republican identification. While Mormon voters remain a solidly Republican group (72% overall are Republican or Republican leaning), in recent years Mormons have been less likely to identify as Republican than in the past. As a result, the gender gap in leaned Democratic Party affiliation between Gen X men and women has grown from 11 points in 2017 to 18 points in combined 2018-2019 data. D. makes legislatures less divisive, One criticism of applying the responsible party model to American politics is that While the Democratic Party still holds a wide 60% to 31% advantage among this group, its significantly smaller than it was in 2017 (70% to 23%), which was a high-water mark for the party among this group. Both generations have been about evenly split in their partisan leanings for most of the past decade. A. recruit members more vigorously Millennial women voters are 10 points less likely to identify with or lean toward the Democratic Party than they were in 2017. B. public goods dilemma C. false and has always been false D. partisan epochs, Realignment refers to a ______. The group has been less likely to identify as independents than other generations over the past 30 years and is even less likely to do so today. who represent a growing share of the Catholic population in the U.S. Next: 2. A. have no respect for the law B. party members are typical of the entire electorate +1 202.715.3030. By about two-to-one, Jewish voters continue to identify with or lean toward Democratic Party (67% vs. 31% who identify with or lean Republican). In both generations, the GOP enjoys a similar modest advantage (11 percentage points among white Gen Xers, 12 points among white Boomers); these are similar to the balances in 2014. B. normally vote for more moderate candidates in primaries Still, there have been modest fluctuations: The new analysis, based on combined telephone surveys from 2018 and 2019, finds that the Democratic Partys advantage in party identification has narrowed since 2017. C. Americans are increasingly devoted to those two main parties \underline{\underline{\$\hspace{18pt}\text{8,000}}}\\\\ Put another way, in 1994 white voters with postgraduate experience were 12 points more likely than whites with a college degree to associate with the Democratic Party; today that gap remains about the same (11 points). The Democratic Partys advantage with more highly educated voters has grown over the past decade and is wider than it was in both 2016 and 2012. As recently as 2007, white voters without a college degree were about evenly divided in their leaned party affiliation. C. the group can divide costs to each person for providing the good About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. Voters' party . A. the Democratic Party has dominated Congress and the presidency Democratic gains have been even more pronounced among those who pursue postgraduate education. B. that distance has grown in recent decades Among older generations of whites but particularly among white Silents more voters align with the GOP than the Democratic Party. However, even if those generations become less likely to identify as independents in the future, they will still likely have higher proportions of independents than members of their preceding generations had at similar points in their lives. In 2017, those figures were exactly reversed. A. the organizations that would link citizens to government By Morley Winograd, Michael Hais, and Doug Ross Political scientists and forward-looking politicians have been debating the ultimate impact of the two youngest American generations Plurals (Gen . Mormon voters are now about as likely to identify as independent (41%) as they are to identify as Republican (45%). D. party benefits, In a ______, registered party members rather than party bosses nominate party Partisanship. However, gender gaps among non-college voters persist: The Republican Party holds an advantage in leaned partisanship among men without a college degree (52% t0 40%), while the Democratic Party holds an edge among women without a college degree (51% to 42%). This same pattern is seen among several other religious groups, including white evangelicals, though it is not as pronounced as among Jewish voters. The current gap in leaned party affiliation continues to be among the widest in yearly Pew Research Center surveys dating to 1994. As with voters overall, there are wide divides in leaned partisanship by race and ethnicity across generations. From 2010 through 2015, about half of women (51%-52%) identified with or leaned toward the Democratic Party. Based on the constitutional clause identified in part A, explain why the facts of Citizens United v . D. the poor, evangelical Protestants, and the highly educated, Generally speaking, the Republican Party appeals to ______. C. are less likely to vote than independents While the gender gap has changed little in recent years, it is as wide as it has been at any point during this period: Among registered voters, 56% of women affiliate with or lean toward the Democratic Party, compared with 44% of men. Both groups of voters have moved toward the Republican Party over time, though the shift has been more pronounced among white Catholics. For example, the 44% of Generation X (now aged 42 to 57) that currently identifies as independent is 10 points higher than the 34% of baby boomers who said they were independents in 2002 (when they were aged 38 to 56). Theoretically, who is responsible for recruiting, nominating, and promoting candidates. ______. \text{Fixed expenses}\hspace{5pt} & without contributing to its effort. There is a similar balance of partisanship among Asian American registered voters: 65% identify with the Democratic Party or lean Democratic, compared with 27% who identify as or lean Republican. Suppose Deanna is a registered Democrat and has voted for Democratic candidates in several elections throughout her life. (Note: Only English-speaking Asian American voters are included in the data). C. media elites tend to deride parties that adopt moderate issue positions While there is a gender gap in partisan affiliation within every generational cohort, it is particularly pronounced among Millennial voters. D. adviser. D. members of the other party would be unemployed, According to James Madison, political parties were ______. Results for this Gallup poll are based on telephone interviews conducted in January through July 2022 with a random sample of 6,565 adults, aged 18 and older, living in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. This group came of age when Republicans held the White House for 12 years between 1981 and 1992. The gap between the shares of women and men who associate with the Democratic Party is 18 points among Gen Xers, 10 points among Baby Boomers and 7 points among Silents. A. frequent elections Whether such support is anti-Jewish is a matter of intense debate, Footnote 2 but what is not disputed is that Jeremy Corbyn's leadership between 2015 and 2020 triggered such widespread . 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800Washington, DC 20036USA Between 1994 and 2014 the average gender gap in leaned party affiliation was 9 points. A. Americans resist party efforts to become more centralized. However, the size of the partisan gap by race and ethnicity is wider among older generations than among younger ones. As has been the case for the last several years, a narrow majority (53%) affiliates with or leans to the GOP, while 41% lean toward or identify with the Democratic Party. The differences are especially pronounced between older Cubans who fled their country in the first two decades . In 1994, white men with a college degree were somewhat more likely than those without a college education to identify with or lean toward the GOP (59% to 55%). White voters in all generations are significantly more likely to identify with or lean to the GOP than nonwhite voters. A. ignored recent reforms because very few lobbyists, representatives, or senators follow the rules anyway C. U.S. party organizations control the nomination process. However, the Democratic Partys standing with Millennials is about the same as it was at earlier points, including 2014. The data also reveal that each younger generation has had a greater proportion of independents throughout their lives than the prior generation did, even at similar stages in their life. influence the ______. The analysis in this report draws on more than 10,000 interviews with registered voters in 2017 and tens of thousands of interviews conducted in previous years (see Methodology for additional detail). As a result of these patterns, the gap in Democratic affiliation between white and nonwhite voters is 16 points among Millennial voters, but rises to 26 points among Gen Xers, 31 points among Baby Boomers and 37 points among Silents. Members of Generation Z who have reached adulthood match millennials in the percentage of political independents, at 52%. These emerging generational patterns of party identification help explain why independent identification has reached levels in the past decade never seen before in Gallup polling. Over the past 30 years, the proportion of Silent Generation people who identify as Democrats has been relatively stable. When Jericha realized the value of the Gnosters efforts, she changed her mind about entering into a lease with them. Gen Xers and Baby Boomers are closely divided in their partisan leanings. Among Millennials, 42% identify as independents, compared with 35% of Gen Xers, 30% of Baby Boomers and 25% of Silents. Sales(8,000units)VariableexpensesContributionmarginFixedexpensesNetoperatingincomeTotal$208,000144,00064,00056,000$8,000PerUnit$26.0018.00$8.00. C. don't have any choices when it comes to joining an interest group D. States write the laws that dictate party structure. Baby Boomer voters (born 1946 to 1964) are nearly evenly divided (48% identify as or lean Democratic, 46% Republican). This gap is especially pronounced among Jewish voters. A realignment is a substantial and long-term shift in party allegiance by individuals Get our latest insights on the topics that matter most to leaders around the world. Among nonwhite voters, while there is a gender gap, there is very little difference in the partisanship of either men or women by level of education. A. evangelical Protestants, suburbanites, and small business owners Still, urban voters in the South are much more likely than rural Southern voters to align with the Democratic Party (55% vs. 33%). Just 8% of black voters identify in some way with the Republican Party. And among voters with postgraduate experience, the Democratic advantage has grown. A. our electoral laws promote this outcome Hispanic Catholics, who represent a growing share of the Catholic population in the U.S., are substantially more Democratic in their orientation (64% of Hispanic Catholic voters affiliate with or lean to the Democratic Party, 27% to the GOP). The results for 2022 are similar to those for 2021, which are based on even larger samples. By contrast, men and women with a college degree are significantly more Democratic in their orientation than 25 years ago. of their party and who devote large portions of their time and money to it are known as D. growth of Democratic influence with liberals in the Pacific Northwest, One consequence of the realignment of the past several decades has been that D. lobbyists envy government officials and want to take their jobs, so they are willing to B. Higher educational attainment is increasingly associated with Democratic Party affiliation and leaning. 19 Gerald Pomper, who also discusses the weak party identifications of young Americans, argues that they result from the political events of the last decade. Women continue to be more likely than men to associate with the Democratic Party. D. congressional challengers who run against party leaders of either party, An interest group ______ is an effective leader who is likely to have organized an C. limited incentives problem B. a candidate's campaign staff B. seek to influence public policy By contrast, sizable majorities of black, Hispanic and Asian American voters identify with or lean toward the Democratic Party. D. vote for radical candidates, Americans ______. As recently as 2009, these voters were divided in leaned partisanship. See Voters' Choice: Varieties of American Electoral Behavior (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1975), pp. is an excellent example of ______. The Democratic Party has made significant gains among voters with a college degree or more education a group that leaned toward the GOP 25 years ago. While the gender gap in partisanship is long-standing, it has gradually expanded since 2014 and now stands at 14 points. The Democratic Party currently holds a 53% to 41% advantage in leaned party identification among voters with a college degree or more. In recent decades, party identification among American voters has _____. As Figure 2 . For example, 72% of voters in the Northeast who live in urban counties associate with the Democratic Party, compared with 49% of Northeastern voters who live in rural counties. B. partisan realignment favors is called ______. claims about the nature of contemporary party identification: 1. In the wake of key decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court, the public's approval of its job remains little changed overall but with record-high division among partisans. The GOP holds somewhat narrower advantages in leaned party identification among white non-evangelical Protestants (54% to 39%) and white Catholics (57% to 38%). A. H. Ross Perot A. ideology Much of the movement toward the Republican Party among white voters without a college degree has been driven by those with the lowest levels of education voters with no more than a high school diploma. and groups, usually resulting in a change in policy direction. A. increased, but only for Democrats B. moved toward third parties . The balance of party identification among registered voters has remained fairly stable over the past quarter century. Voters in urban counties have long aligned more with the Democratic Party than the Republican Party, and this Democratic advantage has grown over time. The partisan breakdown of men is relatively unchanged over this period. Currently, 44% of Generation X identifies as political independents, which is unchanged from three decades ago, when the first part of the generation was entering adulthood. While the partisan preferences of both men and women without a college degree have moved toward the GOP over the past decade, this marks a return to about the same levels of partisanship seen in 1994, as the Republican Party has regained ground it had lost between the late 1990s and end of the George W. Bush administration. C. prohibited under the McCain-Feingold Act At the same time, while urban white voters were roughly evenly divided in their political preferences for much of the last two decades, in recent years the Democratic Party has enjoyed a double-digit partisan advantage: Today, 54% of white urban voters are Democrats or lean Democratic, while 41% identify with the GOP or lean Republican. express values and beliefs and to be committed to a greater cause. As a result of these contrasting trends, there is now a 19-point gap in the shares who identify with or lean toward the Democratic Party between white voters with a college degree and those without one (54% vs. 35%). Among English-speaking Asian American voters, 72% identify or lean toward the Democratic Party, compared with just 17% who identify with or lean toward the GOP. Over the past 25 years, white male voters with a four-year degree have moved away from the GOP, while those without a degree have moved toward the party. In the Northeast, the urban-rural gap is roughly the same size as it has been for most of the past two decades, and rural voters there have become more likely to identify with or lean toward the Democratic Party over time. collective goods or services that benefit the public. 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in recent decades, party identification among american voters has